Blogs

Split graphic: a teenager taking a computerised ImPACT cognitive test, and an athlete running on a treadmill in a breathing mask for the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test. Title card: “ImPACT Test vs Buffalo Treadmill Test — Why Your Athlete Needs Both.”

ImPACT Test vs Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Tes...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

Most athletes only receive half of a proper concussion evaluation. The ImPACT Test measures cognitive recovery like memory, reaction time, and processing speed, while the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT)...

ImPACT Test vs Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Tes...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

Most athletes only receive half of a proper concussion evaluation. The ImPACT Test measures cognitive recovery like memory, reaction time, and processing speed, while the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT)...

Concussion signs every parent should know - Dr. Rob Letizia working with a youth athlete at Spectrum Therapeutics in Wayne, NJ.

Concussion Signs Every Parent Should Know: The ...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

The red flags that mean the ER now, the signs that point to concussion, and exactly what to do in the first 24 hours after a head injury.

Concussion Signs Every Parent Should Know: The ...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

The red flags that mean the ER now, the signs that point to concussion, and exactly what to do in the first 24 hours after a head injury.

Dr. Rob Letizia performing a vestibular assessment at Spectrum Therapeutics in Wayne, NJ.

Post-Concussion Syndrome in Female Athletes: Wh...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

Female athletes experience concussions differently. What the research shows about sex differences in concussion rates, symptom patterns, and recovery timelines.

Post-Concussion Syndrome in Female Athletes: Wh...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

Female athletes experience concussions differently. What the research shows about sex differences in concussion rates, symptom patterns, and recovery timelines.

The Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test explained - graded exertion testing at Spectrum Therapeutics in Wayne, NJ.

Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT): Proto...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

What the Buffalo treadmill test is, the protocol minute by minute, what the scoring sheet records, when the bike test is used instead, and how the threshold heart rate becomes...

Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT): Proto...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

What the Buffalo treadmill test is, the protocol minute by minute, what the scoring sheet records, when the bike test is used instead, and how the threshold heart rate becomes...

A woman presses both temples beside a brain illustration, with a badge reading “No referral needed in NJ.” Title card: “Post-Concussion Headaches That Won’t Go Away: Why They’re Not Brain Injuries.”

Post-Concussion Headaches That Won't Go Away: W...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

Why post-concussion headaches do not respond to medication and how cervical manual therapy resolves them within weeks.

Post-Concussion Headaches That Won't Go Away: W...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

Why post-concussion headaches do not respond to medication and how cervical manual therapy resolves them within weeks.

A woman holds the back of her neck beside an illustration of an inflamed cervical spine. Title card: “Post-Concussion Headaches? It May Be Your Neck.”

Sports Concussion Return-to-Play Protocol: The ...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

The complete 6-stage return-to-play protocol for athletes after concussion. What each stage means, duration requirements, and why most returns fail.

Sports Concussion Return-to-Play Protocol: The ...

Dr. Rob Letizia PT, DPT

The complete 6-stage return-to-play protocol for athletes after concussion. What each stage means, duration requirements, and why most returns fail.